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Long before two-way radios were installed in cars to allow drivers and crews to talk with each other,
the only way for racing officials to communicate with drivers during noisy racing action was with the
use of colored signal flags.
Nearly every racing series in the United States uses the same combination of flag colors, usually
waved by a flagman on a platform at the start-finish line, so drivers know immediately what's
happening during the race. However, some of the meanings do change from series to series.
the only way for racing officials to communicate with drivers during noisy racing action was with the
use of colored signal flags.
Nearly every racing series in the United States uses the same combination of flag colors, usually
waved by a flagman on a platform at the start-finish line, so drivers know immediately what's
happening during the race. However, some of the meanings do change from series to series.
NASCAR Flags
Indy Car Flags
Formula 1 Flags
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The ABC's of NASCAR
| A |
A-Frame: Either the upper or lower connecting suspension piece (in the shape of an A) locking the frame to the spindle, which holds the wheel.
Air Dam: A metal strip that runs beneath the front bumper, often only inches from the ground. The air dam helps provide aerodynamic down
force at the front of the car.
A-post: The post extending from the roofline to the base of the windshield on either side of the car.
Air Dam: A metal strip that runs beneath the front bumper, often only inches from the ground. The air dam helps provide aerodynamic down
force at the front of the car.
A-post: The post extending from the roofline to the base of the windshield on either side of the car.
B
Bear grease: Slang term used to describe any patching material used to fill cracks and holes or smooth bumps on a track's surface. Can also be
used as a sealer on the track.
Binders: Slang term for a race car's brakes.
Bite: "Round of bite" describes the turning or adjusting of a car's jacking screws found at each wheel, which distributes the car's weight at each
wheel. It's also a reference to the amount of adhesion tires have to the track surface.
B-post: Post extending from the roofline to the base of window behind the driver's head.
used as a sealer on the track.
Binders: Slang term for a race car's brakes.
Bite: "Round of bite" describes the turning or adjusting of a car's jacking screws found at each wheel, which distributes the car's weight at each
wheel. It's also a reference to the amount of adhesion tires have to the track surface.
B-post: Post extending from the roofline to the base of window behind the driver's head.
C
Camber: The amount a tire is tilted in or out from vertical. Described in degrees, either positive or negative.
Carburetor: A device mounted on top of the intake manifold that controls the air-fuel mixture going to the engine.
C-post: The post extending from the roofline of a race car to the base of the rear window to the top of the deck lid.
Cut Tire: A slice or puncture of the tread or sidewall due to high speed contact with debris on the race track or by contact with part of another race
car.
Carburetor: A device mounted on top of the intake manifold that controls the air-fuel mixture going to the engine.
C-post: The post extending from the roofline of a race car to the base of the rear window to the top of the deck lid.
Cut Tire: A slice or puncture of the tread or sidewall due to high speed contact with debris on the race track or by contact with part of another race
car.
D
Deck lid: Slang term for the trunk lid of a race car.
Donuts: Slang term for black, circular, dent-line marks on the side panels of stock cars, usually caused after rubbing against other cars at high
speed.
Down force: A combination of aerodynamic and centrifugal forces. The more down force, the more grip your car has. But more down force also
means more drag, which can rob a race car of speed.
Draft: Slang term for the aerodynamic effect that allows two or more cars traveling nose to tail to run faster than a single car. When one car follows
another closely, the one in front cuts through the air, providing a cleaner path of air, that is, less resistance, for the cars in back.
Donuts: Slang term for black, circular, dent-line marks on the side panels of stock cars, usually caused after rubbing against other cars at high
speed.
Down force: A combination of aerodynamic and centrifugal forces. The more down force, the more grip your car has. But more down force also
means more drag, which can rob a race car of speed.
Draft: Slang term for the aerodynamic effect that allows two or more cars traveling nose to tail to run faster than a single car. When one car follows
another closely, the one in front cuts through the air, providing a cleaner path of air, that is, less resistance, for the cars in back.
F
Firewall: A solid metal plate that separates the engine compartment from the driver's compartment of the race car.
Front Clip: Beginning at the firewall, the front section of a race car. Holds the engine and its associated electrical, lubricating and cooling
apparatus; and the braking, steering and suspension parts.
Front Clip: Beginning at the firewall, the front section of a race car. Holds the engine and its associated electrical, lubricating and cooling
apparatus; and the braking, steering and suspension parts.
G
Greenhouse: The upper area of the race car that extends from the base of the windshield in the front, the tops of the doors on the sides and the
base of the rear window in the back. Includes all of the A, B, and C pillars, the entire glass area and the car's roof.
Groove: Slang term for the best route around the racetracks; the most efficient or quickest way around the track for a particular driver. The "high
groove" takes a car close to the outside wall for most of a lap, while the "low groove" takes a car closer to the apron than the outside wall.
base of the rear window in the back. Includes all of the A, B, and C pillars, the entire glass area and the car's roof.
Groove: Slang term for the best route around the racetracks; the most efficient or quickest way around the track for a particular driver. The "high
groove" takes a car close to the outside wall for most of a lap, while the "low groove" takes a car closer to the apron than the outside wall.
H
Happy Hour: Slang term for the last official practice session held before an event.
Hauler: The 18-wheel tractor-trailer rig that teams use to transport two race cars, engines, tools and support equipment to the race tracks. Cars
are stowed in the top section, while the bottom floor is used for workspace.
Horsepower: A measurement of mechanical or engine power. Measured in the amount of power it takes to move 33,000 pounds one foot in a
minute.
Hauler: The 18-wheel tractor-trailer rig that teams use to transport two race cars, engines, tools and support equipment to the race tracks. Cars
are stowed in the top section, while the bottom floor is used for workspace.
Horsepower: A measurement of mechanical or engine power. Measured in the amount of power it takes to move 33,000 pounds one foot in a
minute.
I
Ignition: An electrical system used to ignite the air-fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine.
J
Jet: When air is sent at a high velocity through the carburetor, jets direct the fuel into the air stream. Jets are made slightly larger to make a richer
mixture or slightly smaller to make a more lean mixture, depending on track and weather conditions.
mixture or slightly smaller to make a more lean mixture, depending on track and weather conditions.
L
Loose: Also known as "oversteer." When the rear tires of the car have trouble sticking in the corners. This causes the car to "fishtail" as the rear
end swings outward during turns. A minor amount of this effect can be desirable on certain tracks.
end swings outward during turns. A minor amount of this effect can be desirable on certain tracks.
M
Marbles: Excess rubber build-up above the upper grove on the racetrack.
N
Neutral: A term drivers use when referring to how their car is handling when a car is neither loose nor pushing (tight).
P
Pit road: The line of rectangular stalls where pit crews service the cars. Generally located along the front straightaway, but because of space
limitations, some racetracks sport pit roads on both the front and back straightaways.
Pole position: Slang term for the foremost position on the starting grid, awarded to the fastest qualifier.
Push: Also known as "understeer" or "tight." It describes the car's condition when the front end doesn't want to turn into the corner.
limitations, some racetracks sport pit roads on both the front and back straightaways.
Pole position: Slang term for the foremost position on the starting grid, awarded to the fastest qualifier.
Push: Also known as "understeer" or "tight." It describes the car's condition when the front end doesn't want to turn into the corner.
| Q |
Quarter-panel: The sheet metal on both sides of the car from the C-post to the rear bumper below the deck lid and above the wheel wells. A car
has two quarter-panels on each side, the front and rear.
has two quarter-panels on each side, the front and rear.
R
Rear clip: The section of a race car that begins at the base of the rear windshield and extends to the rear bumper. Contains the car's fuel cell and
rear suspension components.
Restrictor plate: A metal plate with four holes that restrict airflow from the carburetor into the engine. Used to reduce horsepower and speeds at
Daytona International Speedway and Talladega Superspeedway, NASCAR's two biggest and fastest tracks.
RPM: Short for revolutions per minute, a measurement of the speed of the engine's crankshaft.
Roll cage: The steel tubing inside the race car's interior making up the car's frame. Designed to protect the driver from impacts or rollovers, the roll
cage must meet strict NASCAR safety guidelines and is inspected regularly.
Round: Slang term for a way of making chassis adjustments utilizing the race car's springs. A wrench is inserted in a jack bolt attached to the springs
and is used to tighten or loosen the amount of play in the spring. This, in turn, can loosen or tighten up the handling of a race car.
rear suspension components.
Restrictor plate: A metal plate with four holes that restrict airflow from the carburetor into the engine. Used to reduce horsepower and speeds at
Daytona International Speedway and Talladega Superspeedway, NASCAR's two biggest and fastest tracks.
RPM: Short for revolutions per minute, a measurement of the speed of the engine's crankshaft.
Roll cage: The steel tubing inside the race car's interior making up the car's frame. Designed to protect the driver from impacts or rollovers, the roll
cage must meet strict NASCAR safety guidelines and is inspected regularly.
Round: Slang term for a way of making chassis adjustments utilizing the race car's springs. A wrench is inserted in a jack bolt attached to the springs
and is used to tighten or loosen the amount of play in the spring. This, in turn, can loosen or tighten up the handling of a race car.
S
Scuffs: Slang term for tires that have been used at least once and saved for later racing. A lap or two is enough to "scuff" them in. Most often used
in qualifying.
Short track: Racetracks that are less than a mile in length.
Slingshot: A maneuver in which a car following the leader in a draft suddenly steers around it, breaking the vacuum; this provides an extra burst of
speed that allows the second car to take the lead.
Splash 'n' Go: A quick pit stop that involves nothing more than refueling the race car with the amount of fuel necessary to finish the race.
Spoiler: A metal blade attached to the rear deck lid of the car. It helps restrict airflow over the rear of the car, providing down force and traction.
Stickers: Slang term for new tires. The name is derived from the manufacturer's sticker that is affixed to each new tire's contact surface.
Stop 'n' Go: A penalty, usually assessed for speeding on pit road or for unsafe driving. The car must be brought onto pit road at the appropriate
speed and stopped for one full second in the team's pit stall before returning to the track.
Sway bar: Sometimes called an "anti-roll bar." Bar used to resist or counteract the rolling force of the car body through the turns.
in qualifying.
Short track: Racetracks that are less than a mile in length.
Slingshot: A maneuver in which a car following the leader in a draft suddenly steers around it, breaking the vacuum; this provides an extra burst of
speed that allows the second car to take the lead.
Splash 'n' Go: A quick pit stop that involves nothing more than refueling the race car with the amount of fuel necessary to finish the race.
Spoiler: A metal blade attached to the rear deck lid of the car. It helps restrict airflow over the rear of the car, providing down force and traction.
Stickers: Slang term for new tires. The name is derived from the manufacturer's sticker that is affixed to each new tire's contact surface.
Stop 'n' Go: A penalty, usually assessed for speeding on pit road or for unsafe driving. The car must be brought onto pit road at the appropriate
speed and stopped for one full second in the team's pit stall before returning to the track.
Sway bar: Sometimes called an "anti-roll bar." Bar used to resist or counteract the rolling force of the car body through the turns.
T
Template: A device used to check the body shape and size to ensure compliance with the rules. The template closely resembles the shape of the
factory version of the car.
Tight: Also known as "udersteer." A car is said to be tight if the front wheels lose traction before the rear wheels do. A tight race car dosen't seem
able to steer sharply enough through the turns. Instead, the front end "pushes" toward the wall.
Track bar: A lateral bar that keeps the rear tires centered within the body of the car. It connects the frame on one side and the rear axle on the
other. Also called the Panhard Bar.
factory version of the car.
Tight: Also known as "udersteer." A car is said to be tight if the front wheels lose traction before the rear wheels do. A tight race car dosen't seem
able to steer sharply enough through the turns. Instead, the front end "pushes" toward the wall.
Track bar: A lateral bar that keeps the rear tires centered within the body of the car. It connects the frame on one side and the rear axle on the
other. Also called the Panhard Bar.
W
Wedge: Term that refers to the cross weight adjustment on a race car made by turning jack screws above the rear wheels, known as "a round of
wedge."
wedge."
Anatomy of a Pit Stop
Seven crew members are routinely allowed over the wall during pit stops. At times, teams may have an eight crew member over the wall for a pit stop
with the responsibility of cleaning the windshield. An average efficient pit stop consists of the changing of all four tires and a full tank of fuel can take
anywhere between 13 and 15 seconds. The amount of pit stops during a race vary due to numerous factors - race length, caution flags, fuel mileage,
tire wear and pit strategy to name a few. Below is a look at the pit crew and their responsibilities during a routine stop during a race.
with the responsibility of cleaning the windshield. An average efficient pit stop consists of the changing of all four tires and a full tank of fuel can take
anywhere between 13 and 15 seconds. The amount of pit stops during a race vary due to numerous factors - race length, caution flags, fuel mileage,
tire wear and pit strategy to name a few. Below is a look at the pit crew and their responsibilities during a routine stop during a race.
4. Front Tire Carrier
Assists the front tire changer by handing him
a new, right-side tire that he has carried
from "behind the wall." He repeats the
process on the left side of the car with a tire
rolled to him by another crew member from
"behind the wall."
Assists the front tire changer by handing him
a new, right-side tire that he has carried
from "behind the wall." He repeats the
process on the left side of the car with a tire
rolled to him by another crew member from
"behind the wall."
7. Gas Man
Empties two 12-gallon (81 Pounds each)
dump cans of fuel into the car's
22-gallon fuel cell.
Empties two 12-gallon (81 Pounds each)
dump cans of fuel into the car's
22-gallon fuel cell.
1. Rear Tire Carrier
Assists the rear tire changer by
handing him a new, right-side tire he
has carried from "behind the wall." May
also adjust the rear jack bolt to change
the car's handling.
Assists the rear tire changer by
handing him a new, right-side tire he
has carried from "behind the wall." May
also adjust the rear jack bolt to change
the car's handling.
2. Jackman
Operates a 20-pound hydraulic jack
that is used to raise the car for tire
changes. After new tires are bolted on
to the right side of the car, he drops
the car to the ground and repeats the
process on the left side.
Operates a 20-pound hydraulic jack
that is used to raise the car for tire
changes. After new tires are bolted on
to the right side of the car, he drops
the car to the ground and repeats the
process on the left side.
5. Front Tire Changer
First removes and replaces right front tire
using an air-powered impact wrench to
loosen and tighten five lug nuts holding the
tire rim in place. He then moves to the
opposite side of the car to change the left
front tire.
First removes and replaces right front tire
using an air-powered impact wrench to
loosen and tighten five lug nuts holding the
tire rim in place. He then moves to the
opposite side of the car to change the left
front tire.
8. Support Crew
Assists the "over the wall" crew by rolling
them tires, handing them fuel, and
retrieving air hoses and wrenches.
According to the rules, support crew
members must remain "behind the wall"
during all stops.
Assists the "over the wall" crew by rolling
them tires, handing them fuel, and
retrieving air hoses and wrenches.
According to the rules, support crew
members must remain "behind the wall"
during all stops.
3. Rear Tire Changer
First removes and replaces right rear
tire using an air-powered impact
wrench to loosen and tighten five lug
nuts holding the tire rim in place. He
then moves to the opposite side of the
car to change the left rear tire.
First removes and replaces right rear
tire using an air-powered impact
wrench to loosen and tighten five lug
nuts holding the tire rim in place. He
then moves to the opposite side of the
car to change the left rear tire.
9. Extra Man
On occasion, and at the discretion of
officials, an eighth or "extra man" is
allowed over the wall to clean the
windshield and assist the driver if
necessary.
On occasion, and at the discretion of
officials, an eighth or "extra man" is
allowed over the wall to clean the
windshield and assist the driver if
necessary.
6. Catch Can Man
Holds a can that collects overflow from
the fuel cell as it is being filled. He also
signals the rest of the team that the
refueling process is finished by raising
his hand.
Holds a can that collects overflow from
the fuel cell as it is being filled. He also
signals the rest of the team that the
refueling process is finished by raising
his hand.
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The track is clear and cars may proceed at
speed. This flag is used to signal the beginning
of the race and any restarts.
speed. This flag is used to signal the beginning
of the race and any restarts.
The track is not clear, slow down and hold your
position behind the pace car. This flag is used to
signal an accident, debris caused by contact or
mechanical failure, or weather related issues.
position behind the pace car. This flag is used to
signal an accident, debris caused by contact or
mechanical failure, or weather related issues.
The track is unsafe and there is a situation that
requires immediate attention. Cars must go to a
designated location and stop. No work is
allowed to be done in the pits or in the garage
while under a red flag.
requires immediate attention. Cars must go to a
designated location and stop. No work is
allowed to be done in the pits or in the garage
while under a red flag.
There is one lap remaining in the scheduled
distance of the race.
distance of the race.
The event has reached its scheduled distance
and is complete.
and is complete.
Come into the pits immediately for consultation.
This flag is usually waved at an individual car,
either because of mechanical issues or a broken
rule. Waved with a red flag signals the end of a
practice session.
This flag is usually waved at an individual car,
either because of mechanical issues or a broken
rule. Waved with a red flag signals the end of a
practice session.
Cars that refuse to acknowledge the black flag are
shown this flag, which means NASCAR will no
longer score them until they come into the pits for
consultation.
shown this flag, which means NASCAR will no
longer score them until they come into the pits for
consultation.
Pay attention to your mirrors, because a faster car
is approaching from behind. Contrary to popular
opinion, the flag does not make it mandatory that
the slower cars must move over for the leader.
is approaching from behind. Contrary to popular
opinion, the flag does not make it mandatory that
the slower cars must move over for the leader.
Used only on road courses by corner workers,
held or waved to signify debris or slippery
conditions ahead.
held or waved to signify debris or slippery
conditions ahead.
Signals the start of a practice session,
qualification attempt or race and all restarts
after a caution or red-flag period.
qualification attempt or race and all restarts
after a caution or red-flag period.
The caution flag signals hazardous conditions
on the track, and cars must slow immediately
and maintain position and yield to track safety
vehicles until the green flag is displayed.
on the track, and cars must slow immediately
and maintain position and yield to track safety
vehicles until the green flag is displayed.
Signals that the race stops immediately,
regardless of position of cars on the track
regardless of position of cars on the track
Displayed when the leader starts the final lap of
the race. During the qualifications, signals that
driver has started the final lap of a qualification
attempt.
the race. During the qualifications, signals that
driver has started the final lap of a qualification
attempt.
Signifies the end of the practice session,
qualification attempt or race. The race leader is
declared the winner.
qualification attempt or race. The race leader is
declared the winner.
Directs a driver to proceed to the pits on the next
lap and to follow the instruction of race officials.
lap and to follow the instruction of race officials.
Signals that the driver has been disqualified.
The passing flag signals slower cars to yield to
faster oncoming traffic.
faster oncoming traffic.
Signals that oil, water, or some other substance
has made the track surface slippery.
has made the track surface slippery.
Signals that an ambulance is on the course or that
medical help is needed.
medical help is needed.
Signals that the pit area is closed.
Indicates the start of the race. A hazard has been
cleared up and the cars can proceed at racing
speed.
cleared up and the cars can proceed at racing
speed.
Indicated danger ahead and overtaking is
prohibited. A single waved yellow means slow
down, a double waved yellow warns that the
driver must be prepared to stop if necessary.
prohibited. A single waved yellow means slow
down, a double waved yellow warns that the
driver must be prepared to stop if necessary.
The race has been stopped usually because a car
is lying in a dangerous position after an accident
or because conditions are too poor for racing to
be safe.
is lying in a dangerous position after an accident
or because conditions are too poor for racing to
be safe.
Warns of a slow-moving vehicle on the track,
such as a tow truck or safety car.
such as a tow truck or safety car.
The race has ended. Shown first to the winner,
and then to every car to cross the line behind
them.
and then to every car to cross the line behind
them.
Shown with a car number to indicate that the
driver must call into the pits immediately, usually
because he has broken the rules and will be
disqualified.
driver must call into the pits immediately, usually
because he has broken the rules and will be
disqualified.
Shown with a car number to indicate a warning
for unsportsmanlike behaviour. A black flag may
follow if the driver takes no heed of the warning.
for unsportsmanlike behaviour. A black flag may
follow if the driver takes no heed of the warning.
Shown to a driver to indicate that a faster car is
behind and trying to overtake. Shown both to
lapped and cars still racing. A lapped car must
allow the faster car past after seeing a maximum
of three blue flags while a racing car is under no
obligation to move.
behind and trying to overtake. Shown both to
lapped and cars still racing. A lapped car must
allow the faster car past after seeing a maximum
of three blue flags while a racing car is under no
obligation to move.
The track is slippery. This usually warns of oil or
water on the track.
water on the track.
Shown with a car number to indicate that the car
has a mechanical problem and the driver must
return to his pit immediately.
has a mechanical problem and the driver must
return to his pit immediately.